Which word signifies a concept or belief about something?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
Amend
9%
Bias
53%
Notion
26%
Paradigm
8%
Prejudice
A strong inclination towards a particular group or viewpoint is known as:
Anonymous Quiz
5%
Amend
48%
Bias
9%
Notion
25%
Paradigm
13%
Prejudice
Which word describes a negative attitude or opinion formed beforehand without adequate knowledge?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
Amend
22%
Bias
7%
Notion
23%
Paradigm
41%
Prejudice
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Forwarded from Mohamed
Losing Native Fluency: What Is Language Attrition?
Ella was born in the Netherlands to a Dutch father and an Irish mother. She spent the first few years of her life in the Netherlands, speaking only Dutch. After her parents separated, her father moved to Spain, and her mother took Ella to Ireland.
Today, Ella can speak English and Spanish — but not Dutch.
"It's strange that I can't speak in my mother tongue," she tells us.
It might seem strange, but it's certainly possible for people to get worse at speaking their native language — and sometimes lose it altogether.
This phenomenon is known as "language attrition," and it's often observed in migrants who spend years away from their home country.
It might be easier to understand this in children, like Ella — research has found that children are quick to pick up new languages, but their language skills are also more vulnerable to change.
However, language attrition is also observed in adults.
"The minute you start learning another language, the two systems start to compete with each other," Monika Schmid, a linguist at the University of York, told the BBC.
While there have been cases of adults losing their native language altogether, more often fluency in the native languages simply decreases, and the speaker becomes more prone to mixing languages.
The degree to which fluency decreases depends on different things, Schmid said. If a person has an innate talent for languages, they're less likely to lose fluency, for example.
Interestingly, migrants who spend time with others who speak both of their languages could be more prone to losing fluency in their native language — because they put less effort into keeping those languages separate in their minds, since both are understood.
Things like negative memories of their home country might even encourage someone to lose their connection to the language they used there.
But Laura Dominguez from the University of Southampton told the BBC that language attrition isn't a bad thing — it's a natural process, since people make changes to their language that are consistent with their new realities.
Ella was born in the Netherlands to a Dutch father and an Irish mother. She spent the first few years of her life in the Netherlands, speaking only Dutch. After her parents separated, her father moved to Spain, and her mother took Ella to Ireland.
Today, Ella can speak English and Spanish — but not Dutch.
"It's strange that I can't speak in my mother tongue," she tells us.
It might seem strange, but it's certainly possible for people to get worse at speaking their native language — and sometimes lose it altogether.
This phenomenon is known as "language attrition," and it's often observed in migrants who spend years away from their home country.
It might be easier to understand this in children, like Ella — research has found that children are quick to pick up new languages, but their language skills are also more vulnerable to change.
However, language attrition is also observed in adults.
"The minute you start learning another language, the two systems start to compete with each other," Monika Schmid, a linguist at the University of York, told the BBC.
While there have been cases of adults losing their native language altogether, more often fluency in the native languages simply decreases, and the speaker becomes more prone to mixing languages.
The degree to which fluency decreases depends on different things, Schmid said. If a person has an innate talent for languages, they're less likely to lose fluency, for example.
Interestingly, migrants who spend time with others who speak both of their languages could be more prone to losing fluency in their native language — because they put less effort into keeping those languages separate in their minds, since both are understood.
Things like negative memories of their home country might even encourage someone to lose their connection to the language they used there.
But Laura Dominguez from the University of Southampton told the BBC that language attrition isn't a bad thing — it's a natural process, since people make changes to their language that are consistent with their new realities.
Forwarded from Mohamed
Get These Expressions about Science
Science is about testing and understanding things. So if you "have something down to a science" it means you understand it well or are very good at doing it.
Here are some other expressions that are inspired by science.
If two or more people have similar opinions and find it easy to understand each other, you can say they are "on the same wavelength." This expression comes from physics and describes the distance between two waves. More people started using it when they started listening to radios, because a radio signal can only be heard if people have their radio set to its wavelength.
So if two scientists both have the same idea, one might say, "I thought the same thing, how are we always on the same wavelength?"
Microscopes allow us to see things more closely, even things that are so small they normally can't be seen at all. So if someone or something is "put under a microscope," it means that they are being studied or looked at very closely.
So the other scientist might say, "Don't put it under a microscope, being on the same wavelength saves us a lot of time."
When two or more people feel attracted or close to each other and get along well, you can say they "have chemistry." This expression is mostly used to describe people who are in love.
So another colleague might say to one of the scientists, "You two really look like you've got chemistry!"
#idioms
#Common_Phrases
Science is about testing and understanding things. So if you "have something down to a science" it means you understand it well or are very good at doing it.
Here are some other expressions that are inspired by science.
If two or more people have similar opinions and find it easy to understand each other, you can say they are "on the same wavelength." This expression comes from physics and describes the distance between two waves. More people started using it when they started listening to radios, because a radio signal can only be heard if people have their radio set to its wavelength.
So if two scientists both have the same idea, one might say, "I thought the same thing, how are we always on the same wavelength?"
Microscopes allow us to see things more closely, even things that are so small they normally can't be seen at all. So if someone or something is "put under a microscope," it means that they are being studied or looked at very closely.
So the other scientist might say, "Don't put it under a microscope, being on the same wavelength saves us a lot of time."
When two or more people feel attracted or close to each other and get along well, you can say they "have chemistry." This expression is mostly used to describe people who are in love.
So another colleague might say to one of the scientists, "You two really look like you've got chemistry!"
#idioms
#Common_Phrases
#confusing_words
🔸Assure means to tell another person something to remove doubt or anxiety.
➖ I was afraid we’d miss the flight, but my husband assured me we’d get to the
airport in time.
🔸Ensure is something you do to guarantee a specific result.
➖Please send the document by express mail to ensure that it arrives on time.
🔸Insure (spelled with an “I”) is when you get a financial plan to pay for any damage or loss to a person or thing.
~This is related to the word insurance, such as health
insurance, car insurance, etc.
➖Our house is insured against fires, floods, and theft.
🫧Assure / Ensure / Insure🫧🔸Assure means to tell another person something to remove doubt or anxiety.
➖ I was afraid we’d miss the flight, but my husband assured me we’d get to the
airport in time.
➖After assure, we always have a person: assure you, assure him/her, etc.
🔸Ensure is something you do to guarantee a specific result.
➖Please send the document by express mail to ensure that it arrives on time.
🔸Insure (spelled with an “I”) is when you get a financial plan to pay for any damage or loss to a person or thing.
~This is related to the word insurance, such as health
insurance, car insurance, etc.
➖Our house is insured against fires, floods, and theft.
#confusing_words
🫧Appraise / Apprise🫧
🔸The verb appraise means to evaluate, especially in an official way in which a grade
will be given or the value of something determined:
➖A car dealership appraises the value of used cars.
➖ Managers often appraise their employees once per year.
➖The noun form is appraisal, meaning an evaluation:
➖Please give me your honest appraisal of the book I’ve written.
🔸The verb apprise means to inform or notify.
~ You can apprise (someone) of (some news). If your colleague Gina wasn’t at an important meeting, you will later need to
apprise Gina of the decisions that were made at the meeting.
🔸Another common structure is to say that (someone) is, was, or has been apprised of
(the news):
➖The President has been apprised of the latest developments in the crisis.
➖Please keep me apprised of this situation.
➖[keep me appraised] .✖️
🫧Appraise / Apprise🫧
🔸The verb appraise means to evaluate, especially in an official way in which a grade
will be given or the value of something determined:
➖A car dealership appraises the value of used cars.
➖ Managers often appraise their employees once per year.
➖The noun form is appraisal, meaning an evaluation:
➖Please give me your honest appraisal of the book I’ve written.
🔸The verb apprise means to inform or notify.
~ You can apprise (someone) of (some news). If your colleague Gina wasn’t at an important meeting, you will later need to
apprise Gina of the decisions that were made at the meeting.
🔸Another common structure is to say that (someone) is, was, or has been apprised of
(the news):
➖The President has been apprised of the latest developments in the crisis.
➖Please keep me apprised of this situation.
➖[
#confusing_words
🔸If you give an apology, you say you are sorry for doing something wrong.
🔸If you give an excuse, you provide a reason or explanation for the problem (this can
be seen as trying to avoid responsibility).
🔸 Apology: "I'm sorry for the mistake in my report. I should have checked the
statistics more carefully."
🔸 Excuse: "Well, if you hadn't rushed me to finish the report, I wouldn't have made a mistake!"
🫧Apology / Excuse🫧🔸If you give an apology, you say you are sorry for doing something wrong.
🔸If you give an excuse, you provide a reason or explanation for the problem (this can
be seen as trying to avoid responsibility).
🔸 Apology: "I'm sorry for the mistake in my report. I should have checked the
statistics more carefully."
🔸 Excuse: "Well, if you hadn't rushed me to finish the report, I wouldn't have made a mistake!"
Forwarded from PURE <F.M>
We ordered ten pizzas to ........ that there would be enough food for
everybody.
everybody.
Anonymous Quiz
31%
Assure
62%
Ensure
8%
Insure
Forwarded from PURE <F.M>
I ......... you that the water here is perfectly safe to drink.
Anonymous Quiz
67%
Assure
0%
Ensure
33%
Insure
Forwarded from PURE <F.M>
Forwarded from PURE <F.M>
Forwarded from PURE <F.M>
Forwarded from PURE <F.M>
Forwarded from PURE <F.M>
Forwarded from PURE <F.M>
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